IP address and domain name Xiangjie

The Internet (Internet) on the contribution has millions of hosts (host), to distinguish between these hosts, people are assigned to each host a special "address" as the logo, called the IP address, it is like your online ID card, to view their own IP address in Windows 9x systems, click "Start" 鈫?"Run" 鈫?typing "winipcfg" (2000/xp enter ipconfig) 鈫?press Enter. IP is Internet Protocol ( Internet Protocol) stands for. the host of information to pass between the need to know each other's IP address. the length of each IP address for the 32-bit (bit), divided into 4 segments, each 8 bits (1 byte), common decimal digits, each number ranging from 1 to 254, paragraphs and between paragraphs separated with the decimal point. each byte (above) can also be expressed in hexadecimal or binary. Each IP address consists of two ID ( identification number), that is the network ID and host ID. the same physical network, all hosts are using the same network ID, a host on the network (workstations, servers and routers, etc.) corresponding to a host ID. that the IP address 4 bytes is divided into two parts, the network is used to indicate the specific paragraph, that the network ID; the other part is used to indicate the specific node, that is, the host ID. This 32-bit address is divided into five categories corresponding to in the A class, B class, C class, D class and E class IP address.

1. A class of IP address

1 A class of IP address by a byte (each byte is 8 bits) of the network address and 3 bytes of the composition of the host address, network address of the highest level must be "0", that the first paragraph numbers range from 1 to 127 . Each Class A address can be connected to 16,387,064 hosts, Internet there are 126 Class A addresses.

2. Class B IP address

A Class B IP address by the two bytes of network address and 2 bytes of the composition of the host address, network address of the highest level must be "10", that is, the first paragraph of the range of 128 ~ 191 figures. Each Class B address can be connected to 64,516 hosts, Internet there are 16,256 Class B addresses.

3. Class C IP address

A C class address is 3 bytes of network address and a byte composed of the host address, network address of the highest level must be "ll0", the first paragraph of the digital range of 192 ~ 223. Each of C class addresses can connect 254 hosts, Internet there are 2,054,512 Class C address.

4. D class address for Multicast.

The first byte to "lll0" Start, the first byte of the number range of 224 ~ 239, is the Multicast address, the transmission of information for multi-destination, and as a backup. All-zero ("0.0.0.0") address corresponding to the current host, all "1" IP address ("255.255.255.255") is the current subnet broadcast address.
5. E Class Address

To "llll0" started, that first paragraph of the digital range of 240 ~ 254. E class addresses retained for experimental and development use only.

Some IP addresses used for special purposes

鈶?host segment (ie, host) ID all set to "0" is called Network Address IP address, such as the Class B network address is 129.45.0.0.

鈶?the host ID part of the whole set to "1" (ie 255) of IP address called a broadcast address, such as 129.45.255.255 broadcast address is the B class.

鈶?network ID can not be decimal "127" as the beginning of the address number 127 reserved for diagnostic use. If 127.1.1.1 used for loop testing, and network ID's first 8-bit group can not all be set to "0", the whole set "0" indicates that the local network. Network ID part to the "0" and all "1" of IP addresses is reserved to use.

Internet's designers do not know how to develop it. Some people imagine a number of Internet hosts will contain several networks. Others predict that many of the network and every web host is not too much, as a compromise, Internet address is suitable for large networks and small networks. They were identified as 32-bit but there are three types. Address is the custom, its highest definition of the type of address. A class of address to support multiple hosts in a network: the highest bit is 0, following a 7bit network part and host part 24bii. In the B class address, highest non-0, follow a 14bit network number and host number 16bii. Class C addresses start with 110, followed with 2lbit 8bit network number and host number. According to conventional, Internet addresses given by the plus points of the characters. Address by the decimal number 10, composed of four parts, with a point to separate. For example, 10.0,0.51, and 128.10.2.1 are A class and B class of Internet addresses.

As the IP address of all these figures, for ease of user memory, Internet domain name system on the introduction of the DNS (Domain Name System). When you type a domain name when the message arrived first to provide the domain name resolution server, then this domain name resolution for the corresponding IP address of the site. The course of this task is called domain name resolution. Domain name resolution process is: when a machine a name server to its domain name resolution request to issue A, if A can be resolved, analytical results will be issued to a, otherwise, A will send B to its parent domain name server resolve the request, if B can be resolved, analytical results will be issued to a, if B can not resolve, the request will be sent to a domain name server level C ... ... it goes on until the resolution to date. Internet domain name is simply the name of the host, it uses the hierarchy, each layer to form a sub-domain between subdomains separated with dots, from left to right are: computer name, network name, organization name, level domain name. Internet Domain Name System is a tree structure.

To distinguish the highest body has seven original domain: com (commercial organizations), net (network service), gov (government agencies), mil (military organization), org (nonprofit organization), edu (education department), int (international organizations). In 1997 they added seven most advanced standard domain name: firm (business and corporate), store (business enterprises), web (WEB-related businesses engaged in the entity), arts (for cultural and entertainment entities), REC (in entertainment business entity), info (entities engaged in information services), nom (engaging in personal activities of individuals, release personal information). The domain name registration service commitment by several organizations, CNNIC has the honor of being one of a registered institution; in accordance with ISO-3166 standard developed by the national domain, usually by the country's NIC (Network Information Center, Network Information Center) is responsible for running.

The highest in geographic domain names are: AQ (Antarctica), AR (Argentina), AT (Austria), AU (Australia), BE (Belgium), BR (Brazil), CA (Canada), CH (Switzerland), CN ( China), DE (Germany), DK (Denmark), ES (Spain), FI (Finland), FR (France), GR (Greece), IE (, Ireland), IL (Israel), IN (India), IS (Iceland), IT (Italy), JP (Japan), KR (Korea), MY (Malaysia), NL (Netherlands), NO (Norway), NZ (New Zealand), PT (Portugal), RU (Russia), SE (Sweden), SG (Singapore), TH (Thailand), TW (China Taiwan), UK or GB (United Kingdom), US (United States) (normally omitted), etc..
Chinese domain name system is divided into two categories of domain names and administrative domain. There are six categories of domain names were followed in accordance with the nature of the applicant organization is divided into: AC-research institutions; COM-industrial, commercial, financial and other professional; EDU-education institutions; GOV-government; NET-connected network, access network Information Center and Operations Center; ORG-all-for-profit organization. Administrative domain in accordance with the various administrative regions of China made, and its delineation of the Bureau of Technical Supervision issued in accordance with national standards may be, including "administrative domain" of 34 for China's provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities, namely: BJ - Beijing; SH-Shanghai; TJ-Tianjin; CQ-Chongqing City; HE-Hebei Province; SX-Shanxi Province; NM-Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region; LN-Liaoning Province; JL-Jilin; HL-Heilongjiang Province; JS - Jiangsu Province; ZJ-Zhejiang; AH-Anhui; FJ-Fujian Province; JX-Jiangxi Province; SD-Shandong Province; HA-Henan Province; HB-Hubei Province; HN-Hunan Province; GD-Guangdong Province; GX- Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region; HI-Hainan Province; SC-Sichuan Province; GZ-Guizhou Province; YN-Yunnan Province; XZ-Tibet Autonomous Region; SN-Shaanxi Province; GS-Gansu Province; QH - Qinghai Province; NX-Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region; XJ-Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region; TW-Taiwan; HK-Hong Kong; MO-Macau. CN domain names by the addition edu.cn CernNic (education network) is running, the other run by the CNNIC.

Traditional domain name and website is a technical level, things, and has strict rules, the above-mentioned components of a complete "URL" (URL), some URL also contains a database password and so on. More recently, a Chinese domain name, such as the "3721 Chinese website" is a set up technology in the IP address and domain name on the "applications and services," which do not need to change the existing network structure and the domain name system, a complex URL conversion The Chinese word for an intuitive, easy to achieve the Chinese Internet users. Another "CNNIC Chinese domain name" is outstanding network of concepts and techniques, because it is a technical standards and norms, and its introduction to domain localization standard-based, fully embodies the CNNIC, as the identity of the Chinese domain name administrator for Chinese site provides localization

Domain name registration services. This is not a level two things, so do not conflict, but support for traditional Chinese website 3721 "IP address" and "domain" technology system, also naturally support the CNNIC "Chinese domain name", 3721 as long as the browser user in the address bar enter "http://" + "Chinese domain name" you can use the CNNIC Chinese domain name system, according to the old habit of the Chinese name of the direct input of Chinese web site is still using the 3721 service. Generally speaking, each "domain" or "Chinese domain name" only correspond to a "IP address", since 3721 as a Chinese website set up at the top of the application, 3721 in Chinese website can have a "one to one" (a Chinese web site corresponding to a web site) , "one to many" (a Chinese web site corresponding to multiple mirror sites), "many to one" (the corresponding number of Chinese at a Chinese site), "many" other forms. Can be the URL (including deep catalog) into a simple, intuitive Chinese vocabulary. The continuous development of science and technology address and domain will have more meaning ... ...

In the INTERNET on the other address - e-mail address, or E-MAIL address. E-MAIL address has the following uniform standard format: user name @ host name, user name is your user on the host used code, @ symbol is the domain name you're using the computer. @ Can be read as "AT", is "in" means.











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Webmaster Interview fly Chongqing circle left by the king of the local SNS

Preface:

He is a stranger in Chongqing, in order to turn in more friends, he chose the founder of the local SNS website. He planned to implement the City "drift bottles" program hit the beautiful mountain city of Chongqing, and even lead to local media reports. As a webmaster common roots, and his operation a few months before SNS site financing to 15 million, so with the very roots of the owners friends are envious. Operation Site 1 year and 2 months later, he behaved as a star webmaster. He has been contact with us, I pull network interview, and boarded the 13th issue of "webmaster" magazine.

He is the Chongqing Space (www.cqquan.com) the owners fly in the operation of the local SNS website, he hidden secret in the end what it? "Webmaster Story Meeting" section were honored to fly to interview site, let us look forward to an interactive space up close it!






Chongqing Space Webmaster fly

Moderator: Good evening! Open source plug-net "owners Story Exchange" column scheduled to meet with everyone, and current interviews of the guests is the webmaster of Chongqing circle fly. Operations at the local SNS website, the fly has a wealth of practical experience. Interviews about this issue, we remind you to keep warm and quiet, thank you! Please do not rush to ask questions during the interview you can ask questions in the areas of the guests were free to ask questions. Well, long story short, the current interview began.

Moderator: fly, hello. First of all thank you from the busy time to come and work in our group and we interact with interviews of our "webmaster Story Exchange" column gives strong support. According to our interview practice, first of all ask you to brief you and your next Chongqing circle for me.

Fly: Chongqing, Chongqing, the local loop is the first dating website web2.0 same city, was established in August 28, 2008, after visiting more than a year of time, in the dating activities of the three awareness through the circle single women and men eventually embark on a happy marriage,; affinity column with urban urban radio work closely with the network through an interactive radio to hold regular line bachelor party activities, is working to create "about the weekend," "Six Dinner" other single brand of Chongqing local party activities.

Moderator: Well, from your presentation, you have a circle on a preliminary understanding of Chongqing. From the established view, your points are a group of relatively early parts of SNS website, and ask when you built them, Chongqing, the local sites have similar appear? What did you think of pursuing a local SNS community?

Fly: There was no, we are one of the first bar, 1.2 from the UCH has come over, do so many stations, for two reasons, one was rejected in love, huh, huh, want to find something to pass the time, there is the consider yourself a stranger in Chongqing, more able to learn more about the circle of local friends in Chongqing, the development of their own good, is that simple.

Moderator: The original establishment of this station with a lot of stories, I believe you will be very emotional about this station. Do not know if you have not found that many communities in the implementation of real-name system, that circle of Chongqing as a local SNS community site, using the real names or false reputation system? You can talk about both the advantages and disadvantages of it?

Fly: real-name system. We hope to build is the real name community. As for the advantages and disadvantages, I believe we all have advantages and disadvantages of it, real name make more offline events held in the organization, so that the exchange is relatively true, but I think real names are not well controlled, because they do not check ID cards, in fact, real name is relative of.

Moderator: A question that would like to know how you see, read our interviews with friends on the Fourteenth of interviews guests know that gjj (Guoji Jun), referring to a time when local rivals the first to think of Chongqing circle, then how do you see the local SNS Chongqing competition?

Fly: I think competition is good, so that it can power. SNS is a new thing, do many people, so as to make the cake bigger. Several local SNS Chongqing, there are many through the company's operations, but I think this thing is to do it slowly, because the individual that the SNS is still a word of mouth thing, members can not develop too fast, too fast, poor management, loss of members would be very serious. Chongqing slip for GJJ, I see it grow, because GJJ is here who is more famous owners, can have such a competitor, I am not afraid, but feel even more dynamic, competitive added, sometimes not a bad thing, but good.

Moderator: If you think the competition is not a pressure but a motive force, do you think of Chongqing Circle and the local difference between other similar sites, where?

Fly: We are prepared to start from a single, urban radio now and Chongqing affinity column cooperation with the city, the next step will be to seek cooperation in Chongqing Women's Federation, and Chongqing, the new female co-operation also under reported. Say different, I think I want to fully cooperate with local media to create brand, through word of mouth way of development activities through a rich line to gain a competitive victory.

Moderator: We know you through the media in December 2008, when planning a local Chongqing City "drift bottles," Relay, will circle the activities on the development of Chongqing play what role?

Fly: a great impact, first of all, the increase in membership, in fact, through the role of the media, so that we know there is such a website, it is very important. Big event, or charity, I think the most important thing in this role of a brand.

Moderator: Yes, you have successfully held a series of brand activities, you can give us guidance and instruction, local SNS website offline events organized by the relevant experience?

Fly: Experience can not say I like a lot of expert groups in many cases. I said a few under my experience, line activities organizations are not good, because often the case Bouncing members will appear, how can the activities well, bigger, make impact, I think, from the so many aspects: the site just the development, they can demand a few local sites with no competition, so as the number of the first to go on such as we have reached with the city of Chongqing who Tencent reached a very good cooperation partnerships, Halloween activities, we went to more than 100 total number of people; second, offline activities, but also pay attention to grasp the interaction between members, the host is important in order to achieve through the line activities to boost the role of the site through each event to boost the site's popularity; Finally, we must focus on finishing the work, is through the organization of each event, summed up the experience. Of course, we have a very good experience, that is, to cooperate fully with the local media.

Moderator: Thank you so much for everyone to share the experience. Lastly we would like to know under your circle of Chongqing is expected to how the kind of development? Order to achieve the desired, then the next have any specific plans?

Fly: made the greatest friends in Chongqing, consumer, entertainment and interactive platform. Next, we first should strengthen the construction management team, this is important because more members, poor management, the loss will be great; Secondly, we want to make a feature that will focus on creating the next few brands activities, through a special program to boost popularity; there, we will further related with the local media to reach more in-depth cooperation with them, to further promote the development site. This is our initial thinking goes on, the difficulties are many, but we are confident that the team website.

Moderator: Well, then here I wish you every success in the next work. Because of time, we will enter the interactive link below, users can ask questions begins. Please orderly questions, thank you.

************< Guests users can ask questions in the wonderful response >************************* *******

A Jian 21:18:36: fly, hello, I ask, if the company's operations since then, pay attention to what the problem.

Fly: cost control is important.

qinfen8 21:18:53: the web site early (six months ago) when the ring is rely Chongqing promotion? is the media?

Fly: the early site promotion, mainly to launch her friends, invited members of the development and accumulated the first user. Of course, we also invited through the QQ group, but it seems such an invitation ineffective, QQ many restrictions.

". 顮?month war. 銉?21:20:45: Hello, I am a novice, the first few interviews I have read of, but also to see the circle of Chongqing, Chongqing slip. There the previous period, human Wo I size is not that much, I thought, I think this practice site, the most important thing is the ideas and the so-called "routine", I say, right?

Fly: a routine, but I personally think doing stand still in life, people do, and your station do you have people to help the individual owners to use dreams to develop a group of your team, let them with you do.

qinfen8 21:21:17: initially rely on their friends to promote it? mainly through those means or methods? Thank you!

Fly: First, the initial launch of your friends, and your members, to more meetings. AJJ is because many local friends and friends at his Web site played a significant role, it developed rapidly. There is the need to choose a point you, as well as doing stand is contacts in the accumulation, especially SNS station.

qinfen8 21:25:19: old Guo strong network of contacts in Chongqing in China, where owners are still little known, it is reasonable to apply to its advantage. A network of contacts that really not very strong, is not it somewhat difficult to oh

Fly: For a network of contacts is not strong, you can take a stand to accumulate ah, AJJ is not an out on a lot of contacts, you say, right? There is the line of activities, take part in activities.

Bing Liang 21:28:10: fly, Hello, may I ask how many people in the operation Guizhan? Profit How?

Fly: I am a part-time doing this site, in the media industry itself, the core team is now three, members of more recent recruitment of a dream we are together, this afternoon, our new women also reported a full-page newspaper , management, or can not keep up, a serious loss of members. Balance of profit can only say now, do stand need to be invested, whether time, effort, there is money, so stop by interest, for the money to do stop, will not be successful.

qinfen8 21:28:15: punk, what methods and media through the cooperation of the ah?

Fly: First, I have members of the media, I chat with him, he gave me about a friend, and now I have become a media person, in fact, there are many ways to meet people, but also whether you intend that this fact SNS is the nature of social it! and the media, emphasize the starting point of the interview in front of me has been answered, you can go and see.

". 顮?month war. 銉?21:31:45: Oh.!, I specialize in SEO, to earn food money. I saw so many of the interviews, I have never heard of guests ever mentioned the word. One does have many owners rely on SEO, made a lot of money. I would like to hear your views on SEO.

Fly: I have a friend do SEO, SEO on the web site development personally feel very good, but I think the role of the SNS is not actually stop the development because of concerns over privacy issues, if you do a product, you can go to SEO effect, but do SNS station, not necessarily obvious effect. Members through the development of the most important members, such loss would be the smallest member. If you do, then the product, SEO can be effective.

A Jian 21:35:15: fly, hello, I ask, now many of our webmaster is still very confused, do not know what station, told us to do stand under the laws of success.

Fly: select the right target and stick to it, left by the king. Chongqing back to the company operates several SNS station, Chongqing circle still persist.

**********************< Free end of >******************** Q & A session ********

Moderator: OK, here are grateful to our enthusiastic questions and discussion. Because of the time, free Q & A session here on a temporary end, we have to come back to the interview, so please be patient waits a while, thank you!

Moderator: fly, you know Chongqing introduced by the previous cycle, and many traditional media to carry out a number of cooperation, in the final interview, I ask you how to find those under the cooperation of the media? Cooperation in the website can tell you the next experience?

Fly: I think it depends on the individual's ability to integrate with the local media to not be difficult, because sometimes they need to do a lot of activities, the most important thing is that you can find one of the entry point, or a demand problem. For example do the SNS, male members demand what they demand because there are many women members, how to do, just when we have a new women reported that they have a lot of women members, I went on to say that we stand a lot of male members future activities can work together, they would be happy, we are happy. Today, the journal of their and our introduction of a full-page, free of charge, the co-operation with the media or the owners intend to place, in fact, members of your site may have the media, then you will need to discover, to integration.

Moderator: Finally, unwittingly interview on near the end, and you have any tips to share with the owners friends?

Fly: do sites with interest, so as to have power, perseverance make a stand and stick to it, left by the king.

Moderator: You said I think an advertising slogan, "Persistence is victory." Well, thank you very much to our interactive space and we share your rich experience of siting and valuable experience. Thanks again for your arrival, open source plug-in network bless you and your circle of Chongqing development to new heights. Well, today's interview on here, thank you very much patience support. We very much welcome more friends to join our webmaster interactive space to let more people know you, know your website. Webmaster exchange stories with you every every Tuesday to meet friends interested in open source plug-in network can add interviews QQ group (plus the time, please specify: Webmaster story exchange words, or do not give through), perhaps the next invitation The guests will be you. Webmaster's stories do more in the open-source plug-in network. Thank you, we are next there or be square!







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Photoshop rendering realistic beautiful necklace

Sincerely hope that this tutorial beginner photoshop can bring a little bit of friends I had had the sense of accomplishment. Because it is the author of the study two weeks after the first photoshop works, goes to work all right, I remember previously seen the necklace shape, so try relying on the impression a bit. The following is a result of which plan:



Effect Picture

Step 1:

Open photoshop, create a new file, set shown in Figure 1:


(Figure 1)

Step 2:

Tick the pendant with the outline of the Pen tool in the non-Chinese input state, press d key, foreground color set to black, click on the path to adjust the fill button on the board, to fill the black pendant, shown in Figure 2:



(Figure 2)

Step 3:

Step 2 Use the pen tool, such as tick chains and pearls, chains in the path of adjustment board to select Stroke Path button click; select the path Click Fill button pearl; shown in Figure 3:




(Figure 3)

Step 4:

Back to the Layers palette, click the pendant pearl strap were filled with layers of colors to choose their favorite color, as shown in Figure 4:


(Figure 4)

Step 5:

Shown in Figure 5, select the pendant layer styles in the Style palette will set the style for the web, then click the mercury style pendant layer in the Layers palette click the Style button on the right to adjust the style, such as the projection direction adjusted to the correct location, etc., you can try an item, you can feel fit, but also a change later.


(Figure 5)

Step 6:

Step 5 concocted a way as beads and strap style, you can try to photoshop already provided in the various styles, choose a similar minor adjustments can be their own satisfaction, as shown in Figure 6


(Figure 6)

Step 7:

In the Layers palette to select the background layer, choose black and white gradient with the gradient tool, means for the radial, pulled out a straight line in the layer, fill the background as shown above to form a lighting effect. Open photoshop brush the top right of the default window, set the brush diameter of about 75, about 7% roundness set, in order to more clearly see to be the distance between the large (not adjusted it will not affect the operation of the back). Back to the Layers palette, the new layer and name stellate, with the brush tool by clicking on the corner of a pendant, and then brush the default window, set the angle of 90 degrees, the other the same, back to stellate layer Tap the same position again. Continue to open the brush preset window, set the angle of 45 degrees, the diameter reduced to 50 or so, back to stellate layer tap, and then set to 135 degrees angle, and then tap, stellate results came out, in order to more realistic number, on the establishment of a halo layer, and stellate size of a constituency almost circular, with white to transparent radial gradient fill mode, so that a realistic stellate results came out, as shown in Figure 7 , forgot to say, remember to make when stellate foreground set to white (English input state, press d key, then press the x key), set to black it does not matter, but ... ... you ever seen a black stellate Why?


(Figure 7)


Step 8:

Here we are mouse drawn necklace basically completed, but careful you'll find some significant problems still image above, right? By the way, in the lanyard and Pearl where the connection is obvious to see that strap on the Pearl is not the penetration overlap, which is later repaired, you can create a new fill layer, then use the brush tool to cover up this smear defects can also directly copy a short lanyard strap layer after it is adjusted to achieve realistic effects, and finally, marked their logo, a simple but beautiful necklace will be presented fairly in the face, and Figure 8 shown, you can bring other like pictures synthesis of production, this is something.


(Figure 8)

Sincerely hope that this tutorial beginner photoshop can bring a little bit of friends I had had the sense of accomplishment. Because it is the author of the study two weeks after the first photoshop works, goes to work all right, I remember previously seen the necklace shape, so try a bit With the impression, when looking at "My Own Swordsman", so to use the wish unparalleled actor Ni Hongjie PP Give us a few pictures of the necklace do advertising, hoho ~, if there are manufacturers willing to produce, friends are welcome to not busy month for indecent assault also affect frost discuss ~ ~ ~ Here are a few renderings :















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Loss due to competition sudden withdrawal of Russia's largest game operators in China

Russia's largest stand-alone game companies Buka (Buka) Chinese companies shut down the day before yesterday. Buka Asia Limited has decided to terminate the operation of Bukavu in the Chinese market directly.

Buka in its official website released a statement saying that single game market last year, a sharp decline in China, evidence of a Ming Buka continue current operations in China, is unrealistic. Therefore, Buka decided to officially close on February 27 Beijing company.

In the February 21, Buka China is still posted on its Web site recruitment notices, recruitment sales manager, sales manager and marketing director. At the same time, many new stand-alone game Buka also listed as scheduled. Thus, Buka appear quite suddenly shut down in China.

Buka Chinese employees to the media, said the headquarters is not the slightest sign of collapse the day before, he also finished proofing the work done.

"Daily Economic News" contacted the Russian headquarters in Bukavu global public relations manager Svelana Ladoshkina, she said that at present China's management of Buka and investors are preparing a report to explain the closure of the specific reasons for Chinese companies.

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Let Gmail tell friends where you live

We know that in using the QQ chat, if one were IP plug-in installed, then you can easily identify the specific location of each other. Recently, Gmail Labs launched "Location in Signature" new feature - add your signature location, so users can also send messages to share their current geographical location information. Let us together experience the following Gmail features the signature positioning it!

And open, like other features in Gmail Labs first in the list of new features in Gmail Labs to find "Location in Signature", select the Enable item and save, this time to open your Gmail signature on the positioning function.

As the Labs will appear only in English under, so when we open the "Location in Signature" feature, can get back to Simplified Chinese mode, this feature is still available, after the opening of other new features in similar operations, of course, can not be ruled out Some new features in the Chinese can not, under normal usage.

Back to the Simplified Chinese language interface, enter the Settings page, find the General tab in the "signature" item, this is the "Location in Signature" function. As can be seen from the screenshot, there is no default signature, we can set according to their actual personal signature. However, to send a Gmail e-mail signature shows geographical location, you must use the signature, and check the "Append your location to the signature" item, or Gmail still does not utilize this functionality, this point we should all pay attention.

Do It:

1. Fill in your own personal signature, check the "Append your location to the signature", save the settings.

Two. A friend of Gmail and its non-Gmail mail were sent a theme of "Test For 'Location in Signature'" test message, compose mail, sign the bottom of the body has increased the geographical location of relevant information " Sent from: Beijing 11 China. ".

As "Location in Signature" feature uses a public IP address resource to locate your position, so it might not be very accurate. Gmail Labs since the opening, almost every week with some nice new features to the user in writing,







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Regional Manager how to handle high-level interaction with the company

Regional Manager, as a special class, they are both positions of power "will be from outside the monarch that" the Fengjiangtaili; is precarious, "Jun told Chen Si, Chen had to die," the foreign minister. Handle the company's senior managers and the positive interaction between regions is a vital relationship work.

First, emotional and rational
Each firm will be in varying degrees to the existence of formal organizations and informal organizational relationship ties. Relationship between the formal organization is mainly reflected in: the institutionalization, standardization and rational normal communication between the upper and lower areas; and informal organizational relationships are more shows: charisma, family, friendship, non-normal channels of communication, generally two different emotional and rational management and the embodiment of the concept of the unconscious.

The author has done a large domestic enterprises in the regional manager, ostensibly the company's advanced management, business development rapidly, but in fact senior corporate management in the concept of depth and emotional content is far greater than the rational. For example, most of the regional manager has the ability, knowledge of airborne, and placed next to the individual at the regional manager of the old clerk was able to Babel's "supervisory army." When I took over as manager of a continuous exchange of the four regions to do well, I already feel a positive addition to the market problems, there must be "outside factors", this is the man "Jianjun" special status problem. Reason told me that "stabbing outside Home Safe," but access to the specific work of a "market first" concept let me forget who Difficult People. Busy conquering a city, fought bravely through the efforts of a stage, just triumph when, who "jianjun" launch an attack has begun. Business senior manager told me that "as long as the market well, I will not listen to gossip." However, just be marketing success, still needs time to consolidate the company's support for less, less confidence in the leadership; the contrary more picky, much ado about nothing much. When I verified the man "jianjun" fish in troubled waters over the years, Sungongfeisi the evidence, the company informed of was: "due to poor management and regional manager, salesman violations occur, the penalty decision as follows: Regional Manager, a fine of 5,000 yuan, a fine person 3,000 yuan. "angry that I leave, a number of key also follow me, we sweat in vain, and companies are losing a market of nearly 100 million yuan.

I hindsight: The question is not whether a company can use "Jianjun", but rather out of my encounter with this "jianjun" personal. "Jianjun" exists for a positive, because they though capacity is limited, but familiar with the company about the situation, the core leadership of the company and has a high degree of loyalty, and leadership is understanding the relationship, is because of them, business was dare to employ a large number of capable people, it helps control the overall situation, but also strengthened the clerk team cohesion. But if executives can use perceptual (informal organizational relationships), while more rational number (a little more idea of the relationship between formal organizations); and as a regional manager I was able to operate in a rational market, and then note that the internal handling relations with the feelings of executives to communicate more, then the result will be a win-win!


2, criticism and encouragement
"Carrot-and-holding" - which is the regional manager of senior general management approach combining soft and hard.

General praise, encouragement, care, support the approach advocated by comparison. Because when you are encouraged, you will be confidence that you will be lofty, you'll work harder; when you get care and support, you will have gratitude in return you will have the idea of helping his career, you will play their maximum potential in a happy mood to do more work and not feel hard. Therefore, promotion of modern management greater use of incentives. We should also promote "happy sales."

However, because the senior's personal work style and habits, as well as the different characteristics of the regional manager, may not be able to always use the excitation method, not necessarily incentive can solve the problem. Practical work we are often faced criticism than encouraging, and the results are often better than to encourage criticism. Because of criticism, warning, punishment, demotion would cause you stress, and you will create a sense of crisis, "no pressure it's not moving," you can overload under high pressure to work. Of course, this one is very demanding.

I've worked for that company, senior regional manager of criticism and punishment may seem rigorous, objective, fair, but the impression is always dark and cold. And now the business leaders, regional managers are free to criticize often, although sometimes unbalanced, but you feel it is good, warm, and because he criticized you in the sense of humor, criticism, or support the return to support critical. You feel the problem, need to. Sometimes, when he criticized the people, not by name, saying very heavy, but very humorous. The company also notified from time to time by selling the completion of sales targets for the ranking, do not criticize and praise, let you feel the pressure from time to time, there is competition everywhere, to criticize and encourage indirectly reflected, so that you feel "in the silent office listen to Thunder, "the warning effect.

"Escape the pain, the pursuit of happiness" is the driving force of human two, in fact, criticism and encouragement are the driving force in these two kinds of extension work. Then senior management of the regional manager in the end is the use of criticism then? Or use to encourage good? This should vary, because the incident vary, the key to a degree at a good grasp of the problem, but also methodical.

Third, feeling and standards
Executives are most concerned about is the regional manager of the company's sales are to complete mission objectives, generally based on sales targets to the completion of the success or failure. In addition, based on trust, friendship, communication, understanding body cool and so the objective difficulties in the regional manager, this is the seat of your pants to measure whether the district manager can continue to reuse.

The sales target for the regional manager is his most sensitive nerve, whether Chayu after dinner, before bed dream, speak, think, or sales targets. Sales target is to complete a company is of course important, but it will give the company the only sales of short-term market consequences.

Enterprises set sales targets are reasonable, the company executives to the sales target assessment, implementation, control, fair, accurate, and will directly affect front-line sales district manager of the initiative; the other hand the regional managers of the initiative and performance, and how would the efficiency of enterprises directly without significant impact. Therefore, sales of corporate executives must grasp the interactive features of assessment indicators, the use of rational scientific methods for performance evaluation.

First, the goal of making sales is correct and reasonable? Is based on population, per capita consumption, per capita income? Or last year's sales with an average growth rate? Example, to set goals according to sales per capita consumption, then the census numbers accurate? The regional population is a lot out? Whether there is a large number of floating population?

Second, the goal is sales by a simple examination, or to develop a comprehensive evaluation standards?

Third, performance appraisal is based on pre-standard, or by later standards?

In fact, each method has its limitations and imperfections of the side, enterprises should develop according to their specific circumstances as scientific, accurate, fair and reasonable standard of performance assessment.

Since the standards are not scientific and can not do a very reasonable and would require a regional manager, corporate leaders have emotional understanding, so as to provide regional managers try to balance some of the psychological sense. The development of indicators on sales should jump up to get; although not able to achieve high standards in advance, and do not beat him to death; stimulate their growth in the market to get the joy of success; by the release of the pressure group activities, etc. enhance the fighting and so on. In short, through these measures to adjust the feel and the standard is reasonable.

Fourth, assessment of the reasonableness
Based on years of experience, the author summed up an effective "3:7" performance appraisal method. "3:7" performance evaluation method: only 30% of integrated assessment, sales assessment, 70%. Comprehensive assessment include: the company specifications, operational methods, market share, sales growth, etc., according to pre-primary examination and assessment of objective criteria, 70%, 30% lead after the assessment of things. Sales assessment, standard assessment by 70% in advance, according to 30% after adjustment assessment. After adjustments, including: sales for special events, the objective difficulties, water sales, product or policy implications.

Sales target bonus is based on the general results of the assessment is based on the number or level down to reflect the best incentive and performance appraisal is to combine the results. Although the adoption of a comprehensive evaluation of 30%, 30% passed the two ex post evaluation adjustments, sales of both incentives, while avoiding unreasonable causal factors, as reflected more work. However, there will be some toiled, talented people, although paying a lot, but the market is the development of, a recession or set unreasonable sales targets, so that pay and rewards are not proportional, so unjust to affect the regional manager at work. If the performance bonus in addition to installing some, such as: Growth Award, pioneering award, network construction awards, individual awards market order awards will allow more people to see hope, be encouraged.

Sales target plan and performance appraisal criteria should be dynamic, not static. A good performance appraisal ideas and programs should be planned sales targets, sales in the whole management of an organic component. Performance evaluation is from beginning to end sales of the whole management of the energy supply in the agent. Performance appraisal should be systematic, rather than isolated. From program development to implementation of the execution, feedback, supervisory control, processing adjustments, it is involvement in the management of the entire sales process. Scientific performance appraisal process should be the emphasis on control of the process can produce only good a good result, because the result is often not easy to change, but the process is correct, proper, when you can not only improve. The author's experience is "program evaluation gains and losses, or two failures." According to "3:7" assessment principles, in 30% of the comprehensive evaluation, should be established to report on the implementation stage, leading in time to facilitate monitoring and guidance.

In short, a good grasp of the interactive features of high-level and region in order to stimulate the regional manager for the greatest degree of enthusiasm, can the executives and regional managers to be managers of the management and the confrontation between the conversion to become a reality for all sales goals jointly to an organic whole.







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